扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓（高強(qiáng)螺栓的分類知識(shí)）
Torsional shear type high strength bolt (classification knowledge of high strength bolt)
高強(qiáng)度螺栓的形狀和連接結(jié)構(gòu)與普通螺栓基本相同。它們之間高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接的工作原理是有意對(duì)螺栓施加較大的預(yù)拉力，使被連接件的接觸面之間產(chǎn)生擠壓力。所以垂直于螺釘方向有很大的摩擦力，連接剪切力就是靠這個(gè)摩擦力傳遞的。高強(qiáng)度螺栓的預(yù)緊是通過擰緊螺母來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。普通高強(qiáng)度螺栓一般采用扭矩法和角度法。對(duì)于剪切型高強(qiáng)度螺栓，通過扭轉(zhuǎn)螺栓尾部來控制預(yù)緊力。
The shape and connection structure of high-strength bolts are basically the same as those of ordinary bolts. The working principle of the high-strength bolt connection between them is to deliberately exert a large pre tension on the bolt, so as to generate extrusion force between the contact surfaces of the connected parts. Therefore, there is a great friction force perpendicular to the screw direction, and the connection shear force is transmitted by this friction force. The pre tightening of high-strength bolts is achieved by tightening the nuts. Torque method and angle method are generally used for ordinary high-strength bolts. For shear type high-strength bolts, the pretightening force is controlled by twisting the bolt tail.
高強(qiáng)度螺栓采用10.9S或8.8S級(jí)優(yōu)良合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼經(jīng)熱處理制成，應(yīng)鉆高強(qiáng)度螺栓孔。摩擦連接高強(qiáng)度螺栓孔徑比螺栓的公稱直徑D為1.5 ~ 2.0mm；承壓連接的高強(qiáng)度螺栓孔徑比螺栓的公稱直徑d大1.0 ~ 1.5 mm。
High strength bolts are made of 10.9s or 8.8s grade high-quality alloy structural steel after heat treatment, and high-strength bolt holes shall be drilled. The nominal diameter D of friction connection high-strength bolt hole diameter ratio bolt is 1.5 ~ 2.0mm; The hole diameter of high-strength bolt for pressure bearing connection is 1.0 ~ 1.5 mm larger than the nominal diameter D of the bolt.
按受力狀態(tài)可分為摩擦型和壓力型。
According to the stress state, it can be divided into friction type and pressure type.
其實(shí)在設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算方法上是有區(qū)別的。摩擦型高強(qiáng)度螺栓以板間滑移作為承載能力的出色狀態(tài)。I型高強(qiáng)螺栓以板間滑移為正常出色狀態(tài)，以連接失效為承載力出色狀態(tài)。摩擦型高強(qiáng)度螺栓不能更好地發(fā)揮螺栓的潛力。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，摩擦型高強(qiáng)度螺栓應(yīng)用于非常重要的結(jié)構(gòu)或承受動(dòng)荷載的結(jié)構(gòu)，非常是當(dāng)荷載引起反向應(yīng)力時(shí)。此時(shí)，未開發(fā)的錨桿潛力可作為安全儲(chǔ)備。此外，應(yīng)使用承壓高強(qiáng)度螺栓，以降低成本。
In fact, there are differences in design and calculation methods. Friction type high strength bolts take slip between plates as the limit state of bearing capacity. The normal limit state of type I high-strength bolts is the slip between plates, and the bearing capacity limit state is the failure of connections. Friction type high strength bolts can not give full play to the potential of bolts. In practical application, friction type high-strength bolts are used in very important structures or structures bearing dynamic loads, especially when the load causes reverse stress. At this time, the untapped anchor potential can be used as a safety reserve. In addition, pressure bearing high-strength bolts should be used to reduce costs.
按施工工藝分為:扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓和大六角高強(qiáng)度螺栓。
According to the construction process, it is divided into torsion shear high-strength bolt and large hexagon high-strength bolt.
六角高強(qiáng)度螺栓屬于普通螺釘?shù)母邚?qiáng)度等級(jí)，而扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓是六角高強(qiáng)度螺栓的改進(jìn)型，為了更好的施工。
Hexagon high-strength bolt belongs to the high-strength grade of ordinary screw, while torsion shear high-strength bolt is an improved type of hexagon high-strength bolt for better construction.
高強(qiáng)度螺栓的施工建議先擰后擰，高強(qiáng)度螺栓初擰應(yīng)使用沖擊式電動(dòng)扳手或扭矩可調(diào)式電動(dòng)扳手；但對(duì)高強(qiáng)度螺栓的更終擰緊有嚴(yán)格的要求。扭剪型高強(qiáng)度螺栓的終擰建議使用扭剪型電動(dòng)扳手，扭矩型高強(qiáng)度螺栓的終擰建議使用扭矩型電動(dòng)扳手。
High strength bolts must be screwed first and then screwed. Impact electric wrench or torque adjustable electric wrench shall be used for initial tightening of high strength bolts; However, there are strict requirements for the final tightening of high-strength bolts. The final tightening of torsional shear type high-strength bolts must use torsional shear type electric wrench, and the final tightening of torque type high-strength bolts must use torque type electric wrench.
六角螺栓由一個(gè)螺栓、一個(gè)螺母和兩個(gè)墊圈組成。剪切型高強(qiáng)度螺栓由螺栓、螺母和墊圈組成。
The hexagon bolt consists of a bolt, a nut and two washers. The shear type high strength bolt is composed of bolt, nut and washer.
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